[^2]: The Top Screen shows the icons of all the applications which are loaded in the device’s memory. These are the applications that we want to run.
[^3]: Here we are excluding poweroff, exit, and hibernate commands.
[^4]: We also developed a video player application named as ‘Videoplayer’. It supports the ‘j’ video file format and shows a video played back from file. It can be found at: .
Chlorine from the early 20th century: the past, present and future.
The role of chlorine as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of infectious disease has a long history in medicine. In the 19th century, the first dose of chlorine was used to treat cholera and eventually this agent gained a strong role in the prevention of a number of bacterial infections. Chlorine, however, has many problems, especially in the USA. The high dose required in the treatment of many bacterial infections led to the development of alternative treatments including prophylactic penicillin and cephalosporin usage and the widespread use of erythromycin. In addition, the development of resistance to these agents forced physicians to consider alternative treatments, one of which was chlorine. When the chlorination of drinking water was introduced in the USA, many environmental and health concerns were raised but these have been largely addressed and a similar chlorination scheme is currently available in the UK. However, the high cost of chlorine, rapid development of resistance in organisms and the current risks of chlorine around the world have led to the search for alternative antimicrobial treatments. The development of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the availability of sensitive detection equipment to monitor the levels of residual chlorine in drinking water and in patients' urine have led to the re-evaluation of the use of chlorine as an antimicrobial agent.Anuradha Prasad
Anuradha Prasad is an Indian writer of short stories and novels. She is the founder and joint editor-in-chief of the literary magazine Kite Talk.
Biography
Anuradha Prasad was born in Calcutta. She is a well-known writer of short stories and novels. She is the author of several short stories, including 'Lakshmī, the Man' (1954), 'The Tale of the Owl' (1956), '
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